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The Pipedown Campaign for Freedom from Piped Music is a UK-based environmental campaign founded in 1992 by the author and environmentalist Nigel Rodgers. It has links with the sister group in Germany〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lautsprecher-aus.de )〕 and other countries. The campaign fights background music in public places such as hospitals, libraries, swimming pools, pubs, shops and restaurants. Its literature describes piped music, also often called elevator, ‘muzak’ or canned music, as any music piped without pause through a room or building where people have gone for reasons other than to listen to it. It emphasizes that it does not distinguish between different types of music, saying that all music is debased by being used as a marketing tool or acoustic wallpaper. Pipedown's literature accepts that music when freely chosen is one of life’s greatest pleasures, it maintains that music when forced on people can become the complete opposite. In support of this view, Pipedown makes the following additional points: * More people have been shown to dislike piped music than like it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nonoise.org/library/muzak/muzak.htm )〕 * Some people find it the ‘most irritating thing in modern life’. * 86% of people with hearing problems, about 14% of the population, hate piped music.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nonoise.org/library/muzak/muzak.htm )〕 * Like other noise pollution, piped music can be a health hazard. It can depress the immune system while raising blood pressure and levels of stress hormones such as cortisol, increasing the risks of strokes or heart attacks. * Recent research has highlighted the special problems facing older people who have presbycusis. Presbycusis results in unwanted background noises such as piped music drowning out welcome foreground noise such as conversation. == History == One of the campaign’s early successes was achieved by members protesting to Gatwick Airport about the piped music played throughout there. In April 1994 the managers carried out a survey of 68,077 people. Of these 43% said they disliked the piped music, 34% liked it, the rest were indifferent. Gatwick Airport then stopped piped music in the main areas. Similar letter/email campaigns have subsequently persuaded supermarket chains such as Sainsbury not to install piped music. More recently, the booksellers Waterstones and the Nationwide Building Society have agreed to phase it out. Pipedown members can post places – pubs, hotels, restaurants, bookshops – that are free of piped music on the Quiet Corners website. The campaign has had failures too. Marks & Spencer, the Co-op and the HSBC have all refused even to consider removing the piped music in almost all their branches despite protests by Pipedown members. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pipedown (campaign)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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